Experimental investigation of flow pattern over a fully developed bed at a 60° river confluence in large floods

Abstract River confluences have a complex flow and sedimentation pattern that vital influences on the hydraulic bed morphology of river reach surrounding area. Confluences can be observed in waterways with various situations such as live conditions. This condition is hydro-morphological situation high densimetric Froude number, i.e., load transport supplied from upstream. According to literature review, most experimental studies investigate flatbed not developed riverbed, or/and low without supplying sediment Therefore, present study for quantification under these conditions, each was fixed cement blanket method laboratory. Then, 3D velocity measured at specific points confluence. The current designed understand corresponding behavior case large floods. It expected morphological features downstream confluence different than ones described other literature. Thus, this paper describes briefly what are investigates pattern. results show all zones except point bar due approximate equality mean longitudinal separation zone main channel upstream Moreover, by increasing bedload ratio (sediment discharge water confluence) 0 3 × 10 ?4 , deflection outer bank decreased down 45%, stagnation equivalent area 2.5 times, shear stress 40%. Hence, momentum lateral bedload. Besides, recovery occurred longer distance after compared location maximum zone, vortices, secondary flows changed confluence, changing value.